It's hard to believe i have a check here for $500 and I don't have to pay any taxes on it. Are there any states where a state/federal tax return is considered taxable income? What about when Hillary is president, will this change?

What are the federal income tax rates? I'm talking about investments. I heard there's one tax rates on savings account, a different tax rate on short term capital gains, a different tax rate on long term capital gains, another tax rate on dividends, and so on. Is there a chart somewhere that shows these rates so I can consider tax consequences of how I invest my money?

I'm not asking how many people file income tax returns. I'm trying to find out how many people there are who can be considered taxpayers in terms of federal income tax.

I am new to filing taxes and I live in California.Can I deduct the total amount I have paid in state income tax from the total amount I owe in federal income tax on my tax return? I am filing as a single person.